Ungakhetha kanjani imigomo ehlukene yokulethwa ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe?

Ukukhetha imigomo yokuhweba efanele ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe kubalulekile kuzo zombili izinhlangothi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthengiselana okushelelayo nokuyimpumelelo. Nazi izinto ezintathu okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha imigomo yokuhweba:

Izingozi: Izinga lengcuphe iqembu ngalinye elizimisele ukulithatha lingasiza ekunqumeni isikhathi sokuhweba esifanele. Isibonelo, uma umthengi efuna ukunciphisa ubungozi bakhe, angakhetha igama elifana ne-FOB (Free On Board) lapho umthengisi ethatha isibopho sokulayisha impahla emkhunjini wokuthumela. Uma umthengisi efuna ukunciphisa ubungozi bakhe, angase akhethe igama elifana ne-CIF (Izindleko, Umshwalense, Ukuthutha) lapho umthengi ethatha isibopho sokuqinisekisa izimpahla zokuthutha.

Izindleko: Izindleko zokuhamba, umshwalense, kanye nemisebenzi yentela ingahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi isikhathi sokuhweba. Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi ubani ozoba nesibopho salezi zindleko futhi uzifake enanini lilonke lomsebenzi. Ngokwesibonelo, uma umthengisi evuma ukukhokhela izinto zokuhamba kanye nomshwalense, angase akhokhise inani eliphakeme ukuze ahlangabezane nalezo zindleko.

Logistics: Ukuhlelwa kokuthutha impahla nakho kungaba nomthelela ekukhetheni isikhathi sokuhweba. Isibonelo, uma impahla inkulu noma isindayo, kungase kube usizo kakhulu kumthengisi ukuhlela ukuthutha nokulayisha. Kungenjalo, uma impahla yonakala, umthengi angase afune ukuthatha umthwalo wemfanelo wokuthumela ngomkhumbi ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi izimpahla zifika ngokushesha futhi zisesimweni esihle.

Amanye amagama ajwayelekile okuhweba ahlanganisa i-EXW (Ex Works), i-FCA (Inkampani Yenethiwekhi Yamahhala), i-FOB (Yamahhala Ebhodini), i-CFR (Izindleko Nezimpahla), i-CIF (Izindleko, Umshwalense, Izimpahla), kanye ne-DDP (Inkokhelo Ethunyelwe). Kubalulekile ukuthi ubuyekeze ngokucophelela imigomo yenketho ngayinye yohwebo futhi uvumelane ngayo nolunye uhlangothi ngaphambi kokuphothula umsebenzi.

I-EXW (Ex Works)
Incazelo: Umthengi uthwala zonke izindleko kanye nezingozi ezihilelekile ekulandeni izimpahla efekthri noma esitolo somthengisi.
Umehluko: Umdayisi udinga kuphela ukuthi izimpahla zilungele ukulandwa, kuyilapho umthengi ephatha zonke ezinye izici zokuthutha, okuhlanganisa imvume yempahla, ezokuthutha, kanye nomshwalense.
Ukunikezwa kwengozi: Zonke izingozi zidluliswa ukusuka kumthengisi ukuya kumthengi.

I-FOB (Imahhala uma ugibela)
Incazelo: Umthengisi uhlanganisa izindleko nezingozi zokuletha izimpahla emkhunjini, kuyilapho umthengi ethatha zonke izindleko nezingozi ezingaphezu kwalelo phuzu.
Umehluko: Umthengi uthatha umthwalo wemfanelo wezindleko zokuthumela, umshwalense, kanye nemvume yamasiko ngale kokulayisha emkhunjini.
Ukwabiwa kwengozi: Ukudluliswa kwengozi kusuka kumthengisi kuya kumthengi uma izimpahla zidlula ujantshi womkhumbi.

I-CIF (Izindleko, Umshwalense Nezimpahla)
Incazelo: Umthengisi unesibopho sazo zonke izindleko ezihambisana nokuyisa impahla ethekwini lapho kuyiwa khona, okuhlanganisa impahla kanye nomshwalense, kuyilapho umthengi ebophezeleka nganoma yiziphi izindleko ezitholwayo ngemva kokufika kwezimpahla ethekwini.
Umehluko: Umthengisi uphatha ukuthunyelwa kanye nomshwalense, kuyilapho umthengi ekhokhela imisebenzi yentela kanye nezinye izimali lapho efika.
Ukunikezwa kobungozi: Ukudluliswa kobungozi busuka kumthengisi buyiswa kumthengi lapho kulethwa izimpahla endaweni okuyiwa kuyo.

I-CFR (Izindleko Nezimpahla)
Incazelo: Umthengisi ukhokhela ukuthunyelwa, kodwa hhayi umshwalense nanoma yiziphi izindleko ezitholwe ngemva kokufika echwebeni.
Umehluko: Umthengi ukhokhela umshwalense, intela yempahla kanye nanoma yiziphi izimali ezikhokhwayo ngemva kokufika echwebeni.
Ukwabiwa kwengozi: Ukudluliselwa kobungozi kusuka kumthengisi kuya kumthengi lapho izimpahla zisemkhunjini.

I-DDP (Umsebenzi Olethiwe Ukhokhiwe)
Incazelo: Umthengisi uletha izimpahla endaweni ethile, futhi unesibopho sakho kokubili izindleko nezingozi zize zifike kuleyo ndawo.
Umehluko: Umthengi udinga kuphela ukulinda ukuthi izimpahla zifike endaweni ebekiwe ngaphandle kokuzibophezela nganoma yiziphi izindleko noma ubungozi.
Ukwabiwa kobungozi: Zonke izingozi nezindleko zithwalwa ngumthengisi.

I-DDU (Umsebenzi Olethiwe Awukhokhiwe)
Incazelo: Umthengisi uletha izimpahla endaweni ethile, kodwa umthengi unesibopho sanoma yiziphi izindleko ezihlobene nokungenisa impahla, njengentela yentela kanye nezinye izinkokhelo.
Umehluko: Umthengi uthwala izindleko kanye nezingozi ezihlobene nokungenisa impahla.
Ukunikezwa kwengozi: Izingozi eziningi zidluliselwa kumthengi lapho ediliva, ngaphandle kwengozi yokungakhokhi.